The crane operator will
- use a parking brake when the crane is stationary. Does not apply to stops while driving on roads.
- make sure that the equipment is in dependable/certified condition.
- assess whether there is sufficient light to be able to conduct the lifting operation.
- have the necessary certificates and documented training.
- provide visual and/or preferably two-way open radio communication between operator and signaller.
- comply with the agreed signal from the appointed signaller. Stop-signals from other people should also be obeyed.
- be observant so that the goods do not move by, i.e., accidentally touching the lever.
- ensure that steering ropes are used when steering long, heavy, or difficult maneuvers.
- ensure that crane operations are performed in a proper manner, and when there is doubt, the crane operator must stop the operation until safe conditions have been restored.
- act swiftly and with care whenever cranes enter other cranes’ working radius to reduce the risk of collision. Procedures such as sector restriction, communication between cranes, schedules etc. should be considered. Document procedures and responsibilities in a Safe Job Analysis (SJA).
The crane operator will not
- have other chores that can divert his attention while performing crane operations.
- use a mobile phone or other audio device during the lifting operation.
- leave the driver’s seat if there is a load in the hook.
- initiate movement before the signal is given or the entire load is within sight.
The user manual is the main guide regarding the use of machines and equipment.
Lineup
ASSESS SOIL CONDITIONS
Confirm that the ground is secure and pay attention to any obstructions. When in doubt, new risk assessments must be carried out, and if needed geotechnical investigations should be carried out.
USE SUBSTRATE PLATES
Substrate plates for outriggers should always be used. Substrate pads should be a minimum of 75 x 75 cm. If steel pads are used against steel pads, there must always be a layer of fiber-material in between. The plates for the outrigger substrate pads should be secured against slippage. The crane outrigger pads must stand as straight as possible. Remember that plastic pads are slippery against snow, preferably use sand or gravel beneath.
THE ANGLE OF THE CRANE
The crane should be straightened into a horizontal position in both directions. For crawler cranes without outriggers, the substrate must not have a greater angle of inclination than what is described in the instruction manual.
OUTRIGGERS
The outriggers should, where applicable, be driven from the undercarriage. The over carriage should never be turned until the outriggers are in place. Exception: When the program allows it.
Check that there is tension on all outriggers and that all wheels are lifted off the ground.
Before the lifting operation
- Safety equipment – is it programmed correctly and working properly?
- Make test-movements to verify that switches are working.
- Verify that the lift is within the legal lifting capacity of the crane.
- Is this the right lifting equipment for the lift in question?
- Use chains when the lifting equipment may suffer cut injuries or where there are sharp edges (general rule).
- Padeyes – must be used unless visual inspection reveals defects/damage to the padeyes.
- When using fiber-straps, standard shims (40×30 or 20×30) should be used when using fiber-straps.
- Padeyes must be used if visual inspection does not reveal defects/damage to the padeyes.
- Check that what is to be lifted is properly and legally attached.
- Wind: cranes must not be used at wind speeds beyond what is justifiable. Follow the crane instruction manual.
- In the case of blind lifting, special rules and considerations apply.
If you are in doubt about/regarding the lifting assignment, the assignment must be stopped, and your immediate manager contacted.
During the lifting operation
- Communication – there must be clear communication between the crane operator and any signaller.
- Do not conduct lifting operations above personnel.
- Check that the crane is still level and that the ground does not give way.
After the lifting operation
After-use inspection: Check whether the lifting equipment and crane are still in proper condition.
Risky work operations
- Work with sheet piles
- Lift with mobile crane and personnel basket
- Co-lift
- Boat lift
- Lifting operation from barge
- Grabbing and dredging
- Element assembly
- Crane transport
- Hoisting Gas cylinders
Hazardous elements
- Obstacles to aviation.
- Unstable ground.
- High/low voltage lines in air and in the ground.
- Soft/hard verges of the road.
- Reversing.
- Personnel under hanging cargo.